Ethnography Main article: Ethnography of Venezuela group of indigenous children from the Yanomami tribe in the Upper Orinoco. The Venezuelans have a rich combination of heritages. From the colonial period were mixed Indian, Spanish and African, and today the majority of Venezuelans have one or more of these ancestries: Mestizo 67 , European descent 21 (mostly Italian and Spanish), Afro – descendants 8 , indigenous 2 . Indigenous communities today is around 1 of total national population, and are mainly located in Zulia State and south of the Orinoco River and its estuary. With the start of oil exploitation in the early twentieth century, establishing companies and citizens coming mostly from the United States.Subsequently, in mid-century, especially early in the era of post-war, came to join the Venezuelan society, otra ves a new wave of immigrants of Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and new immigrants, Lebanese, Germans, Croats , Chinese, Japanese (among others) and several Latin American countries (Colombia, Ecuador, Argentina, Peru, Chile, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Mexico, etc..) during the oil boom of the seventies. The General Census of Population and Housing 2001, indicates that the main foreign colonies established in the country originate in that order, and citing only the most numerous in Spain, Italy, Lebanon, Portugal, Argentina, USA, China, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Cuba, Guyana, Brazil, Uruguay, France, Mexico and Trinidad and Tobago, representing approximately 7.7 of the total population.The majority of Arab immigration in Venezuela is Lebanese and Syrians. In the late nineteenth century came the first Arabic-speaking immigrants, engaging in trade and pearl diving in the island of Margarita. In the early twentieth century came more people of Arab origin. As at that time these countries were under Turkish rule, these immigrants brought that country’s passport, which is why to this day is colloquially called Turkey. Even today many of these immigrants are trading in the major cities of the American Indian pa s.Hay mainly of Caribbean origin. Large numbers of Latin American immigrants attracted by the vast resources of the country have arrived in Venezuela in the twentieth century. These continual waves of immigrants increased the country’s racial mosaic complex. In Venezuela there has never been racial problems.That is why the poem P ntame Angelitos Negros, popularized by a famous song in the mid-twentieth century and represents an anthem against all forms of racial discrimination, is a famous writer, poet, humorist, lawyer and Venezuelan politics: Andr s Eloy Blanco. Like most immigrants were white, black and indigenous populations have declined in importance, to increase the mestizo and white. Colonia Tovar, founded in 1843 by settlers generally Catholics from agricultural areas of southwestern Germany. Its people maintain their culture and language, and speak a dialect of German called German Coloniero. See also: Immigration to Venezuela