Their transformations, which are spatiotemporal in nature, occur constantly in the range of acceptable temperatures and biologically discrete decomposition of water potentials: -0.4, -0.1, 0.19, 0.49, 0.78 V (at pH 7, 5). That is why the primary functional abnormalities in the body are due, above all, change the properties of biological fluids. This is due to electrical disturbances, ie ability of water molecules to mediate the transfer of electrons in redox reactions. The most widely represented in biological systems, free radicals formed as intermediates and by-products recovery of molecules oxygen. Among them, the vast majority has a very short period of existence.
After its emergence may be a molecular transformation (or split regroup). Initiated free radical processes have a number of important and useful to the body functions (phagocytosis, spermatogenesis, regulation of membrane permeability, the maintenance of homeostasis, the proliferation of immune cells, etc.). But excess production of free radicals leads to oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules. Their systematic accumulation causes the development of a number of pathological processes (cancer, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, immunosuppression, neurodegenerative diseases, cataracts). It should be noted that the intensity increase oxidative damage depends on the ratio of velocities the formation and neutralization of free radicals, ie, of the usefulness of antioxidant defenses. Such protection is carried out by enzymes and non-enzymatic compounds that affect the intracellular and extracellular education. Antioxidants – "cleaners" free radicals, normalize the transfer of information from extracellular to intracellular regulators effector systems to optimize the "protein-lipid" interaction. Intensification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the destruction of cell walls and membranes of microorganisms, makes them easier to digest than the phagocytic cells.